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Pharmacokinetic study reveals reduced gastric alcohol metabolism via lower chi-ADH activity in females, suggesting heightened vulnerability to ethanol.
The gender difference in alcohol levels is due mainly to a smaller gastric metabolism in females (because of a significantly lesser activity of chi-ADH), rather than to differences in gastric emptying or in hepatic oxidation of ethanol. The concentration-dependency of these effects may explain earlier discrepancies. The combined pharmacokinetic differences may increase the vulnerability of women to the effects of ethanol.
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Baraona et al. (2001) studied this question.
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