The New Logics of Homeless Seclusion:Homeless Encampments in America's West Coast Cities

Since the late 1990s, scores of American cities have witnessed the re–emergence of large–scale homeless encampments for the first time since the Great Depression. Commonly portrayed as rooted in the national economic downturn and functionally undifferentiated, this paper demonstrates that large–scale encampments are rather shaped by urban policies and serve varied and even contradictory roles in different localities. Drawing on interviews and observations in 12 encampments in eight municipalities, this study reveals four distinctive socio–spatial functions of encampments shaped by administrative strategies of city officials and adaptive strategies of campers. I demonstrate how large–scale encampments paradoxically serve as both tools of containing homeless populations for the local state and preferred safe grounds for those experiencing homelessness. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of homeless seclusion for social analysis and policy, arguing that exclusion and seclusion are two sides of the same coin of the management of marginality in the American city.