Developments in the chemistry of reactive dyes and their application processes

This review describes the immense impact of reactive dyes on the textile industry. Their use on cellulosic fibres is especially important, but their growing popularity on polyamide substrates is notable. Detailed information is given about developments both in the chemistry of reactive systems and in the chemical technology involved in their application to a variety of fibre types. It is also pointed out that further research is necessary to improve dye–fibre fixation efficiency, especially when dyeing full shades on cellulosic fibres. This work is necessary to address the current environmental problem of colour in dyehouse effluent. The potential solutions reviewed include multifunctional reactive dyes, cationic reactive dyes, and cellulose fibre modification.