Controlled before-and-after study reveals unintended impacts of pay-for-performance incentives in healthcare facilities, highlighting risks for non-targeted service use and user costs.
This study adds to the very limited evidence on the effects of P4P at scale and highlights the potential risks of such schemes in relation to non-targeted service use. Further consideration of the design of P4P schemes is required to enhance progress towards universal health coverage, and close monitoring of effects on non-targeted services and user costs should be encouraged.
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Binyaruka et al. (2015) studied this question.
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