Green extraction of anthocyanins from fruits and by-products using deep eutectic solvents: A sustainable approach

• DES dissolves hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds enabling efficient extraction. • The natural components of DES can stabilize anthocyanins after extraction. • The low melting point of DES allows for extraction at lower temperatures. • DES components and ratios can be optimized to enhance extraction efficiency. • DES facilitate the use of fruit byproducts promoting a circular economy. The present review examines the feasibility of deep eutectic solvents (DES) as a sustainable method for extracting anthocyanin from fruits. DES are usually characterized by low volatility, good solubility, and low toxicity and has been found to act as a tenable platform for optimizing extraction conditions. Naturally occurring deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are biodegradable, recyclable, and cost-effective, making them attractive for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The extraction condition varies according to type of NADES, extraction time, and extraction temperature. In addition to this integration with various emerging technologies such as ultrasound, microwaves, high pressure and supercritical fluid pre-treatment enhances the extraction efficiency, selectivity, sustainability, and product quality. Their natural origin and environmentally favourable attributes correspond with the principles of green chemistry, offering a substitute for synthetic solvents. This study investigates the efficiency of DES and NADES in extracting anthocyanins from different fruit sources, including extraction techniques, extraction conditions, and extraction yield. Further study illustrates the prospect of using NADES as designer solvents that could enhance sustainability in food, selectivity toward matrix and opportunities in nutraceutical industries.