An Overview of Distribution, Biology and the Management of Common Bean Anthracnose

Bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) is one of the most important seed borne disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the world. The disease is prevalent in areas that experience cool and wet weather conditions, causing up to 100% yield loss. Besides infecting Phaseolus vulgaris, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum also attacks other legumes like mung bean (P. aureus), cowpea (Vigna sinensis), and broad bean (Vicia faba). The disease causes symptoms to appear on leaves, stems, pods and seeds. The pathogen can survive in seeds for up to five years, and is also known to overwinter in crop debris. Seed infection is the primary means by which the pathogen spreads. Therefore, the production and the use of certified seeds is one control measure that is effective in dealing with the disease. Fungicidal seed treatment and foliar application as well as cultural and biological methods are very important for bean anthracnose management. Further information on biology and survival of C. lindemuthianum is needed to devise more effective management strategies. In this review attention were given to the biology and management options, with an emphasis on the future research priorities.