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April 12, 2026African Journal of EcologyOpen Access

Environmental and Anthropogenic Drivers of Giraffe Occurrence and Relative Abundance in a Mixed‐Use Savannah

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Authors

NENicole EgnaZoological Society of San DiegoSGShifra Z. GoldenbergZoological Society of San DiegoJSJared A. StabachSmithsonian Institution

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Implication

The study examines factors affecting giraffe abundance in a mixed-use savannah, highlighting climate impact and land use.

Key Points

  • This research aims to understand how climate and human land use affect giraffe populations in a fragmented savannah.
  • Analyzed 6 years of camera-trap data from Loisaba Conservancy, Kenya.
  • Used generalized linear mixed models to assess relationships between giraffe presence and environmental factors.
  • Evaluated the effects of livestock activity, vegetation indices, and climatic conditions on giraffe abundance.
  • Examined giraffe activity patterns in relation to livestock presence.
  • Giraffe occurrence was closely linked to escarpment habitats and high livestock activity areas.
  • Relative abundance varied significantly with livestock presence, distance from conservancy boundaries, and water proximity.
  • Giraffes showed reduced presence during unfavorable vegetation conditions, indicating sensitivity to climate extremes.
  • Activity patterns showed that giraffes avoid areas recently used by livestock.

Cite This Study

Egna et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69db36e64fe01fead37c4e5ahttps://doi.org/10.1111/aje.70171
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