Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Grouped CVD subtype outcomes in relation to smoking status at baseline. a Combined fatal and non-fatal outcomes. b Fatal outcomes only. *Age-sex-standardised rate per 1000 person-years. RR (relative risk) adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, alcohol consumption, annual household income and education attainment; adjustment for sex is through stratification for outcomes of IHD, AMI, non-AMI, IHD, heart failure (stratified for income as well) and major CVD in a and for IHD and major CVD in b. They are plotted on a log scale and are represented by squares of areas proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of events, indicating the amount of statistical information available. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (ICD-10-AM codes I20–I25); acute myocardial infarction (I21); IHD, excluding AMI (I20, I22–I25); cerebrovascular disease (I61–I67 and I69); heart failure (I50); peripheral arterial disease (I70–I74); other major CVD (any major CVD except ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and peripheral arterial disease); and any major CVD (as defined in reference [15]). Note that the number of events in subtypes will not add up to the total events in…

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  Fig. 2. Combined fatal and non-fatal outcomes for specific CVD subtypes (level 3 ICD-10-AM codes) with at least 50 events, in current versus never smokers. *Age-sex-standardised rate per 1000 person-years. RR (relative risk) adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, alcohol consumption, annual household income and education attainment; adjustment for sex is through stratification for outcomes I21, I25, I48, I50 (stratified for income as well) and I10 (stratified for alcohol consumption and income as well). I10 and K55 are not part of “any major CVD” but were included in this table due to their relevance as outcomes related to smoking, see Fig. 1 for details of RR plots

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  Fig. 3. Grouped CVD subtype outcomes for current smokers, by smoking intensity, compared to never smokers at baseline. a Combined fatal and non-fatal outcomes. b Fatal outcomes only. *Age-sex-standardised rate per 1000 person-years. RR (relative risk) adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, alcohol consumption, annual household income and education attainment; adjustment for sex is through stratification for outcomes of IHD, AMI, non-AMI IHD and major CVD in a. ptrend < 0.0001 for all outcomes. Categories of smoking intensity (never smokers, 1 to 14 cigarettes/day, 15 to 24, and ≥ 25) are based on smoking behaviour reported at baseline. RRs are plotted on a log scale against the median number of cigarettes per day within each of the pre-defined categories, based on smoking intensity reported at follow-up among current smokers. Note different scales used for y-axis, see Fig. 1 for details of RR plots and outcome definitions

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  Fig. 4. Major CVD outcomes in current smokers, by fine categories of smoking intensity, compared to never smokers at baseline. a Combined fatal and non-fatal outcomes. b Fatal outcomes only. *Age-sex-standardised rate per 1000 person-years. RR (relative risk) adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, alcohol consumption, annual household income and education attainment; adjustment for sex is through stratification for major CVD in a. ptrend < 0.0001 for all outcomes. Categories of smoking intensity (never smokers, 1 to 3 cigarettes/day, 4 to 6, 7 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 24, and ≥ 25) are based on smoking behaviour reported at baseline. RRs are plotted on a log scale against the median number of cigarettes per day within each of the pre-defined categories, based on smoking intensity reported at follow-up among current smokers, see Fig. 1 for details of RR plots and outcome definitions

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  Fig. 5. Grouped CVD subtype outcomes by age at smoking cessation, among past smokers, compared to never smokers. a Combined fatal and non-fatal outcomes. b Fatal outcomes only. *Age-sex-standardised rate per 1000 person-years. RR (relative risk) adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, alcohol consumption, annual household income and education attainment; adjustment for sex is through stratification for outcomes of IHD, AMI, non-AMI IHD, heart failure and major CVD in a and IHD, non-AMI IHD and major CVD in b. They are plotted on a log scale against median values of age categories for stopping smoking (< 25 years old, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54). Dotted lines above the reference lines show RRs for current smokers relative to never smokers. Note different scales used for y-axis, see Fig. 1 for details of RR plots and outcome definitions

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  Fig. 6. Combined fatal and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction in current smokers versus never smokers, in various population subgroups. *Median number of cigarettes per day smoked by current smokers in the baseline data. **Age-sex-standardised rate per 1000 person-years for all subgroups except for subgroups of age and sex, where crude rates are presented. RR (relative risk) adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, alcohol consumption, annual household income and education attainment; adjustment for sex is through stratification in all models except for subgroups of age and income. The dotted line next to the reference line shows the RR of total current smokers compared to total never smokers, see Fig. 1 for details of RR plots and outcome definition