Vitamina, Infection,andimmunefunction*

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Key Points

To review the reciprocal relationships between vitamin A deficiency and infectious diseases, and examine how vitamin A depletion compromises immune defenses.
Synthesized mechanistic and clinical literature detailing the biological actions of vitamin A on immune regulation and mucosal integrity.
Evaluated the bidirectional impacts of infectious diseases on nutrient intake, absorption, excretion, and status assessment.
Infections exacerbate deficiency by reducing nutrient intake and absorption while increasing excretion, and acute-phase responses transiently depress serum retinol levels.
Deficiency compromises innate defenses by hindering mucosal epithelial barrier regeneration and blunting neutrophil, macrophage, and natural killer cell activity.
Deficiency impairs adaptive immunity by disrupting T-helper and B-cell development, primarily suppressing Th2-driven antibody responses alongside selective Th1 defects.

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Charles B. Stephensen (2001) studied this question.

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