Review uncovers emerging alternative therapies against nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens, highlighting combinatorial regimens to overcome antibiotic resistance.
Key Points
To evaluate alternative therapeutics targeting ESKAPE pathogens, detailing their mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and progress in clinical trials.
Synthesized published preclinical and clinical literature addressing multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens.
Evaluated alternative modalities including antibiotic adjuvants, bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and photodynamic light therapy.
Identified substantial individual limitations in standalone alternative therapies, highlighting challenges in translational efficacy and clinical implementation.
Demonstrated that combining two or more therapeutic modalities circumvents individual agents' deficits, offering a viable strategy to prolong the lifespan of conventional antibiotics.