Artificial intelligence-based language learning: illuminating the impact on speaking skills and self-regulation in Chinese EFL context

These findings suggest that AI-based instruction effectively enhances L2 speaking skills and fosters self-regulatory processes among language learners, highlighting the potential of AI technology to optimize language learning experiences and promote learners' autonomy and metacognitive strategies in the speaking domain. However, further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and specific mechanisms underlying these observed improvements.