Nonlinear theory of large-amplitude stationary solitary waves in symmetric unmagnetized e − e + and C−60C+60 plasmas

It is shown that large-amplitude stationary solitary electrostatic waves can exist in a symmetric plasma (e − e + or C 60 − C 60 + ), and the relevant parameter ranges (i.e., the range of the Mach numbers and the degree to which the plasma should be nonequilibrium) are determined. The basic requirement for the existence of such waves, specifically, that the symmetric plasma be in a nonequilibrium state, can easily be satisfied in low-density collisionless ideal plasmas under laboratory conditions.