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Assess the potential leukemogenic risk associated with long-term hydroxyurea use in benign hematological conditions.

April 13, 2026Saudi Medical JournalOpen Access

Are we underestimating the leukemogenic risk of hydroxyurea

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Case report demonstrates leukemogenic risk of hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease, suggesting further evaluation is needed.

Assess the potential leukemogenic risk associated with long-term hydroxyurea use in benign hematological conditions.
Case report of a patient with sickle cell disease
Monitoring for acute myeloid leukemia post-hydroxyurea therapy
Duration of hydroxyurea therapy was 2 years
Patient developed acute myeloid leukemia after 2 years of hydroxyurea therapy
No preceding myelodysplastic syndrome was present
Current understanding of leukemogenesis risk remains undefined for benign conditions

Al-Jam’a et al. (2002) studied this question.

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