Abstract: Traditional reconstructive techniques for craniofacial bone defects, including autologous bone grafts and alloplastic materials, often have limitations, such as donor-site morbidity, limited availability, and lack of biological activity. In recent years, regenerative medicine has introduced promising approaches utilizing stem cells and growth factors to promote osteogenesis and tissue repair. This study provides a critical overview of stem cell types, growth factors, and delivery strategies used in pediatric craniofacial bone regeneration. Unlike previous reviews, it emphasizes comparative effectiveness, key advantages and limitations, and unresolved controversies in the field. The methodological quality and levels of evidence across studies are also evaluated. Evidence from both preclinical research and clinical applications is examined, underscoring current achievements and remaining challenges in translating these therapies into routine pediatric practice. Overall, the integration of stem cell biology, bioengineering, and surgical innovation is advancing the development of personalized, biologically driven solutions for craniofacial reconstruction.
Dehghan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.