Orientation effects and cooling stresses in amorphous polymers

This paper deals with two kinds of internal stresses in amorphous polymers. First, the internal stresses connected with molecular orientation are discussed. A framework is presented that describes the interrelations of the various orientation effects (anisotropy, birefringence, etc.) and their dependence on the thermomechanical history of the material. The second part of the paper deals with the residual thermal stresses generated by rapid inhomogeneous cooling through the glass transition range. These so‐called cooling stresses are well‐known in glass technology. The theory of the quenching of flat glass plates is described, generalized to objects of arbitrary geometry, and shown to be applicable to polymers. The practical importance of cooling stresses is discussed.