Calculation of Energy Losses in a Distribution System

A new method for evaluating energy and capacity losses on a distribution feeder in a rigorous manner is presented. Typical daily load shapes are integrated with a load flow procedure to produce an energy model. The performance of a feeder is analyzed by a three-phase load flow program capable of modeling the different load component characteristics as well as imbalance in loading and system configuration. The system configuration can be any combination of single, two and three-phase circuits as required, up to the capacity of the program. The effects of neutral and ground return paths are included. The load flow program utilitizes a new approach to load modeling that recognizes the key load components and their voltage sensitive characteristics.