Associations of Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels During Young Adulthood With Later Cardiovascular Events

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Associations Between Young Adult and Later Adult Risk Factor Exposures and Incident CHD TWA exposures to SBP, DBP, LDL, and HDL from young adulthood (18 to 39 years of age) and later adulthood (≥40 years of age) were included simultaneously in the same model. Models were stratified by study cohort and adjusted for race/ethnicity, sex, birth year, BMI, smoking status, cigarettes smoked per day, diabetes, years with diabetes, use of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications, and the early and later adult TWAs of other risk factors. Exposures to elevated DBP and LDL during young adulthood were associated with an increased risk of CHD, independent of later life exposures. BMI = body mass index; CHD = coronary heart disease; CI = confidence interval; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HR = hazard ratio; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TWA = time-weighted average.

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  FIGURE 2. Associations Between Young Adult and Later Adult Risk Factor Exposures and Incident HF TWA exposures to SBP, DBP, LDL, and HDL from young adulthood (18 to 39 years of age) and later adulthood (≥40 years of age) were included simultaneously in the same model. Model adjustments were the same as in Figure 1. Exposures to elevated SBP and DBP during young adulthood were associated with an increased risk of heart failure, independent of later life exposures. HF = heart failure; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  FIGURE 3. Associations Between Young Adult and Later Adult Risk Factor Exposures and Incident Stroke TWA exposures to SBP, DBP, LDL, and HDL from young adulthood (18 to 39 years of age) and later adulthood (≥40 years of age) were included simultaneously in the same model. Model adjustments were the same as in Figure 1. None of the young adult risk factors were independently associated with incident stroke, whereas later adult exposures to high SBP and DBP were strongly associated with stroke risk. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  CENTRAL ILLUSTRATION. Associations of Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels During Young Adulthood With Cardiovascular Events Later in Life Study of 36,030 U.S. adults found that exposures to elevated SBP, DBP, and LDL during young adulthood (18 to 39 years of age) were associated with increased CHD and heart failure risks in later life, independent of later adult exposures. BP = blood pressure; CHD = coronary heart disease; CI = confidence interval; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HR = hazard ratio; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TWA = time-weighted average.