It's all in the solvent: An enantioselective variant of an aza-Wacker-type cyclization that gives isoindolinones containing tetrasubstituted carbon centers α to the nitrogen atom has been developed (see scheme; tfa=trifluoroacetate). The use of a highly coordinating solvent is crucial for the activity of the catalyst and the stereoselectivity the reaction (up to 99 % ee).
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Yang et al. (2012) studied this question.
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