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Background: Venetoclax (Ven), a highly selective oral BCL-2 inhibitor, in combination with azacitidine (Aza) is approved for the treatment of patients with intensive chemotherapy-ineligible newly diagnosed AML based on the positive results of the phase 3 VIALE-A study (NCT02993523) of placebo (Pbo) vs Ven in combination with Aza in this population (DiNardo et. al. NEJM, 2020). At a median follow-up of 20.5 (range, 10-3, median OS was 18.7 mo (95% CI, 12.9-23.5) in the Ven+Aza group (N=96) and 15.1 mo (95% CI, 7.4, 26.1) in the Pbo+Aza group (N=24). For patients in the IDH1/2 mutant subgroup, median OS was reached at final analysis, at 19.9 mo (95% CI, 12.2-27.7) in the Ven+Aza group and 6.2 mo (95% CI, 2.3-12.7) in the Pbo+Aza group (HR, 0.314; 95% CI, 0.189 to 0.522; P<0.001) (Figure 2). Overall safety profiles were comparable between Ven+Aza and Pbo+Aza. Key treatment-emergent adverse events of any grade occurring in ≥20% of pts included nausea (44.5% in the Ven+Aza group vs 36.8% in the Pbo+Aza group), diarrhea (45.2% vs 34%), and constipation (43.8% vs 39.6%). Grade 3 or higher AEs (Ven+Aza vs Pbo+Aza) occurring in ≥10% of pts included thrombocytopenia (45.9% vs 39.6%), neutropenia (42.8% vs 28.5%), and febrile neutropenia (42.8% vs 18.8%). Serious adverse events occurred in 85.1% of pts in the Ven+Aza group and 77.1% of those in the Pbo+Aza group. Further characterization of pts with long term benefit is ongoing. Conclusions: The VIALE-A long-term follow up demonstrates sustained overall survival benefit with Ven+Aza in patients with AML ineligible for intensive chemotherapy compared to Pbo+Aza in all subgroups. Notably, the median OS for patients with MRD <10-3 who had achieved CR+CRi was 34.2 mo, and median OS for patients with IDH1/2 mutations treated with Ven+Aza was 19.9 mo. The VIALE-A 2-year follow-up analysis confirms the long-term survival benefit for patients treated with Ven+Aza, with no new safety findings. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal
Pratz et al. (Tue,) studied this question.