Evaluation of left ventricular systolic synchrony by peak strain dispersion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Figures

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  Figure 1.. 2D-STI parameters of left ventricle in apical two-, three-, and four-chamber views in control group. (a) The aCMQ software automatically generated the endocardial border trace (arrow) in the apical two-chamber view and automatically provided the PSD (30.7 ms) and LV longitudinal strain (−25.8%) from the apical two-chamber view in the control group. (b) The aCMQ software automatically generated the endocardial border trace (arrow) in the apical three-chamber view and automatically provided the PSD (1.6 ms) and LV longitudinal strain (−22.4%) from the apical three-chamber view in the control group. (c) The aCMQ software automatically generated the endocardial border trace (arrow) in the apical four-chamber view and automatically provided the PSD (5.5 ms) and LV longitudinal strain (−31.1%) from the apical four-chamber view in the control group. LV, left ventricle; LA, left atrium; RV, right ventricle; RA, right atrium; AO, aorta.

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  Figure 2.. Bullseye diagram in control group. The aCMQ software automatically calculated the LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, LVGLS (−26.4%), and LV global PSD (20.1 ms) and provided a color-coded 17-segment bullseye diagram in the control group LV, left ventricle; LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume; LVESV, LV end-systolic volume; LVEF, LV ejection fraction; LVGLS, LV global longitudinal strain; PSD, peak strain dispersion.

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  Figure 3.. 2D-STI parameters of left ventricle in apical two-, three-, and four-chamber views in Group I. (a) The aCMQ software automatically generated the endocardial border trace (arrow) in the apical two-chamber view and automatically provided the PSD (5.1 ms) and LV longitudinal strain (−24.3%) from the apical two-chamber view in Group I. (b) The aCMQ software automatically generated the endocardial border trace (arrow) in the apical three-chamber view and automatically provided the PSD (32 ms) and LV longitudinal strain (−20.3%) from the apical three-chamber view in Group I. (c) The aCMQ software automatically generated the endocardial border trace (arrow) in the apical four-chamber view and automatically provided the PSD (40.8 ms) and LV longitudinal strain (−22.8%) from the apical four-chamber view in Group I.2D-STI, two dimensional speckle tracking imaging; PSD, peak strain dispersion, LV, left ventricle; LA, left atrium; RV, right ventricle; RA, right atrium; AO, aorta.

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  Figure 4.. Bullseye diagram in Group I. The aCMQ software automatically calculated the LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, LVGLS (−22.5%), and LV global PSD (34.7 ms) and provided a color-coded 17-segment bullseye diagram in Group I. LV, left ventricle; LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume; LVESV, LV end-systolic volume; LVEF, LV ejection fraction; LVGLS, LV global longitudinal strain; PSD, peak strain dispersion.

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  Figure 5.. 2D-STI parameters of left ventricle in apical two-, three-, and four-chamber views in Group II. (a) The aCMQ software automatically generated the endocardial border trace (arrow) in the apical two-chamber view and automatically provided the PSD (6.5 ms) and LV longitudinal strain (−20.6%) from the apical two-chamber view in Group II. (b) The aCMQ software automatically generated the endocardial border trace (arrow) in the apical three-chamber view and automatically provided the PSD (5.9 ms) and LV longitudinal strain (−14.2%) from the apical three-chamber view in Group II. (c) The aCMQ software automatically generated the endocardial border trace (arrow) in the apical four-chamber view and automatically provided the PSD (33.3 ms) and LV longitudinal strain (−15.8%) from the apical four-chamber view in Group II. 2D-STI, two dimensional speckle tracking imaging; PSD, peak strain dispersion; LV, left ventricle; LA, left atrium; RV, right ventricle; RA, right atrium; AO, aorta.

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  Figure 6.. Bullseye diagram in Group II. The aCMQ software automatically calculated the LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, LVGLS (−16.9%), and LV global PSD (41 ms), and provides a color-coded 17-segment bullseye diagram in Group II. LV, left ventricle; LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume; LVESV, LV end-systolic volume; LVEF, LV ejection fraction; LVGLS, LV global longitudinal strain; PSD, peak strain dispersion.

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  Figure 7.. Linear correlation between PSD and absolute value of LVGLS. PSD, peak strain dispersion; LVGLS, left ventricle global longitudinal strain.

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  Figure 8.. Bland–Altman analysis of PSD obtained by 2D-STI. (a) Bland–Altman interobserver difference plot for PSD measured by 2D-STI. The mean interobserver difference in the PSD was 0.003, and the confidence interval for the two standard deviations was −0.324 to 0.331. The Bland–Altman consistency analysis results showed that <5% of the interobserver differences in the PSD exceeded ±1.96 standard deviations, which conforms to the 95% confidence level. Therefore, the PSD measured by 2D-STI was consistent between observers. (b) Bland–Altman intraobserver difference plot for PSD measured by 2D-STI. The mean intraobserver difference in the PSD was −0.027, and the confidence interval for the two standard deviations was −0.376 to 0.322. The Bland–Altman consistency analysis results showed that <5% of the intraobserver differences in the PSD exceeded ±1.96 standard deviations, which conforms to the 95% confidence level. Therefore, the PSD measured by 2D-STI was consistent within the same observer. PSD, peak strain dispersion; 2D-STI, 2D-STI, two dimensional speckle tracking imaging.