Many experimental challenges are encountered when attempting to understand the complex vortical wakes generated by helicopter rotors. The problems are illustrated by means of several examples, including blade/vortex interactions, vortex perturbations, wake instabilities, and vortex/surface interaction phenomena. Specific emphasis is placed on flow visualization and quantitative measurements using laser Doppler velocimetry
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Leishman et al. (1998) studied this question.
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