Review of technical solutions addressing voltage and operational challenges in a distribution grid with high penetration of intermittent RES

Integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into modern distribution grids presents challenges and opportunities. This paper reviews technical and operational barriers such as voltage fluctuations, congestion, and intermittency in RES-dominated grids. A novel three-layered implementation framework is proposed—comprising component, service, and regulatory layers—that unifies device-level technologies, grid services, and policy instruments into one coordinated roadmap. Through a structured screening of 120+ peer-reviewed journal articles and 30+ conference proceedings, we benchmark existing solutions and gaps. Notably, fewer than 15 % of reviewed studies address market-design and policy coordination. The study outlines specific voltage support technologies, energy storage integration, and prosumer incentives, aimed at enhancing localized generation and grid flexibility. We identify promising research directions in AI-driven forecasting, reactive power markets, and regulatory incentive design. system.