A review of control strategies for multiport DC - DC converters in renewable energy-based EV fast charging applications

The fast adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has placed an exponential pressure on high gain, reliable and sustainable fast charging infrastructure. EV fast charging stations that are combined with renewable energy are becoming popular in an attempt to alleviate grid stress and reduce carbon emissions. Another enabling technology, Multiport DC-DC converters (MPDCC), has become a preferred enabling technology as they enable multiple energy sources, storage units, and EV loads to be connected to only one power electronic stage. Nevertheless, the efficiency, reliability, and performance of the operational activities of MPDCC are very sensitive to the control strategies deployed. This paper presents a systematic review of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline in terms of control measures applied to Multiport DC-DC converters in the context of EV fast charging with renewable energy sources. Control methods are categorized as linear, nonlinear, intelligent, and hybrid control methods, which are critically analyzed in relation to dynamic response, robustness, power sharing capability, complexity of implementation, and applicability in fast charging situations. New developments in control and coordinated energy management that work with artificial intelligence are also presented. Lastly, the key research gaps and future directions is provided to assist in the development of scalable, resilient, and intelligent EV fast charging systems.