Towards a holistic view of the old age support systems in England

This paper takes a bird’s-eye view of the existing old-age support systems in England involving pensions, health care, and long-term care. The paper clarifies the key elements of each system, reviews policy changes over the years, and describes current scheduled policy changes targeting these systems. Drawing on a scoping review of policy and peer-reviewed literature, we suggest that the three old-age support systems in England are interconnected. We also highlight that both the scheduled changes to the three systems and the future policy options should be subjected to a sustainability check.