This work is a completely revised and expanded version of the preprint "The Addressing Space-Time Protocol (ASTP)" (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18905854), uploaded by the author on 2026-03-09 solely for the purpose of establishing priority for the core ideas: a discrete 3‑sphere, an expanding 4‑ball, and the informational nature of physical interactions. The new version (v6.0) replaces the earlier one. It presents a rigorous geometric formulation with a fit to the Pantheon+ supernova data, resolving the Hubble tension without dark energy, and honestly discusses open issues (flatness, CMB).
Sergei Chernousenko (Sun,) studied this question.