High cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic risk is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Is high cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) risk associated with an increased risk of all-cause death and MACE in patients with atrial fibrillation?
High cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation is associated with increased mortality and MACE, highlighting the need for integrated care.
High CKM risk was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death and MACE. A holistic or integrated care approach management strategy is recommended to improve clinical outcomes in these patients.
Askarinejad et al. (2026) studied this question. High cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic risk is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation.