Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Interplay in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Figures

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  Figure 1. Study design and enrolment of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation receiving direct oral anticoagulants. A total of 17 378 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation undergoing direct oral anticoagulant therapy, from 1 June 2012, to 31 December 2021, were enrolled in the study. AF, atrial fibrillation; ALT, alanine transaminase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BW, body weight; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulants; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HR, heart rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; sCr, serum creatinine; TG, triglyceride.

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  Figure 2. Distribution of patients according to different cardiovascular (C)-kidney (K)-metabolic (M) (CKM) components stratified by sex. Abbreviations: C, cardiovascular; CK, cardiovascular-kidney; CM, cardiovascular-metabolic; CKM, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic; K, kidney; KM, kidney-metabolic; M, metabolic; CKM, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic.

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  Figure 3. Cumulative incidence for clinical outcomes over time with patients according to the CKM-domain number. Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; HHF, heart failure hospitalization; IS/SEE/ACS, ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism/acute coronary syndrome; MARE, major adverse renal event. Other abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 2.

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  Figure 4. Forest plot of adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for clinical outcomes over time with patients according to the CKM-domain number. *The unit of IR: % per year. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; IR, incidence rate. Other abbreviations as in Figure 1 to 3.

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  Figure 5. Cumulative incidence for clinical outcomes over time with patients according to the CKM-domain components. The abbreviations as in Figure 1 to 4.

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  Figure 6. Forest plot of adjusted hazard ratio and 95% CI for clinical outcomes over time with patients according to the CKM-domain component. *The unit of IR: % per year. The abbreviations as in Figure 1 to 4.

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  Figure 7. The differential years of life lost per death across atrial fibrillation patients receiving DOACs with different numbers or components of CKM domain in reference to 0 domain (no CKM domain). Abbreviations: YLL, year of life lost. Other abbreviations as in Figure 1 to 4.

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  Figure 8. The differential years of life lost per death across atrial fibrillation patients receiving DOACs with different numbers or components of CKM domain in reference to 0 domain (no CKM domain) stratified by sex. *P < 0.05 vs. female. Abbreviations: YLL, year of life lost. Other abbreviations as in Figure 1 to 4.