Breathing pattern and pulmonary gas exchange in elderly patients with and without left ventricular dysfunction—modification with exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and prognostic value

Figures

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  Figure 1. Study flow.

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  Figure 2. Predicted means with 95% confidence intervals based on the mixed linear models for ventilation (A), breathing frequency (B), and tidal volume (C) at rest and at peak exercise (D–F) adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, with patients nested within centres as random intercepts.

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  Figure 3. Predicted means with 95% confidence intervals based on the mixed linear models for VE/VCO2 slope (A), peak VO2 (B), and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure at rest (C) and at peak exercise (D) adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, with patients nested within centres as random intercepts.