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Measurements of skin friction and mean-velocity profiles have been made in fully developed flows in pipes and channels in the Reynolds number range 1000 < Re < 10000. These measurements, and observations of hot-wire signals, indicate rather remarkable differences between two-dimensional and axially symmetric flows and also make it difficult to give a precise definition of the term ‘fully developed turbulent flow’.
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Patel et al. (1969) studied this question.
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