Oxidative desulfurization of fuels using gaseous oxidants: a review

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

The oxidative desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels using gaseous oxidants has gained interest due to their advantages, including their affordability, accessibility, environmental friendliness, and ease of use. However, the ability of gaseous oxidants to create low (ultra-low) sulfur-containing compounds is insufficient. Several strategies for intensifying the desulfurization process are offered in this regard, including the use of heterogeneous catalysts, operating the reaction at elevated temperatures, and employing appropriate oxidation systems. The most often employed gaseous oxidants for ODS are air, molecular oxygen, and ozone. They differ in terms of oxidation potential, accessibility, applicability, and also in terms of health and safety. Ozone has the highest oxidation potential among gaseous oxidants, followed by oxygen and air. On the other hand, the availability of these gaseous oxidants has reversed trend. The present work is a comparative study on the gas oxidants used for the ODS process in terms of reaction system, catalyst type, health and safety aspects, and industrial applications.