Continuous co-creation: how ongoing involvement impacts outcomes of co-creation

It is broadly recognized that outcomes of co-creation processes in the public sector depend on early and extensive involvement of relevant and affected actors. However, few have paid attention to whether involvement at later stages matters for outcomes. This article develops a continuity perspective on patterns of involvement in co-creation, and applies it to two case studies of co-created reforms in a local public bureaucracy in Denmark. The study shows that continuous, high-levels involvement strengthen outcomes of co-creation i terms of innovation, higher ownership of solutions, and the development of trust among participants.]