Relationship between Intrinsically Photosensitive Ganglion Cell Function and Circadian Regulation in Diabetic Retinopathy

Figures

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  Figure 1. Comparison of relative pupil response (PIPR, median and interquartile range) among the three groups (p < 0.001); blue = control, green = T2D without DR, red = T2D with DR.

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  Figure 2. Evening salivary melatonin collected 7 h before to 2 h after average self-reported bedtime. Control participants (left) and participants with T2D without DR (middle) had a normal rise of evening melatonin before bedtime, thus detectable DLMO, while a participant with T2D and DR (right) had no detectable DLMO within the sampling time frame.

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  Figure 3. Comparison of relative PIPR between those with and without DLMO during the evening sampling timeframe (p < 0.001).

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  Figure 4. Evening salivary cortisol profile among the three groups of subjects (blue = control, green = DM without DR, red = DM with DR), *denotes p < 0.05.