Why the study?
The distinction between intravascular and extravascular congestion in heart failure often blurs despite guiding different management strategies.
Differentiating between intravascular and extravascular congestion in heart failure is crucial as it can lead to different management strategies.
Distinguishing intravascular from extravascular congestion may guide tailored HF decongestive strategies; leaves open prospective validation of outcomes.
Acutely decompensated heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation worldwide, with a significant majority of these cases attributed to congestion. Although congestion is commonly mistaken for volume overload, evidence suggests that decompensation can occur without significant water accumulation, being attributed to volume redistribution. Yet, the distinction between intravascular and extravascular congestion in heart failure often blurs, as patients frequently exhibit overlapping features of both, and as patients may transition between phenotypes over time. Considering that differentiation between intravascular and extravascular congestion can lead to different management strategies, the aim of this review was to delineate the pathophysiological nuances between the two, as well as their correlation with clinical, biochemical and imaging indices.
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Kumrić et al. (2024) studied this question.
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