Luetzelburgia, Sweetia, Vatairea, and Vataireopsis are unequivocally resolved as the "vataireoid" clade. Fruit and vegetative traits are found to be more phylogenetically conserved than many floral traits. This explains why the identity of the vataireoids has been overlooked or confused. The evolvability of floral traits may also be a general condition among many of the early-branching papilionoid lineages.
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Cardoso et al. (2013) studied this question.
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