A review on Bi2O3 nanomaterial for photocatalytic and antibacterial applications

In the concerned review article, the synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial applications of Bi2O3 are discussed thoroughly. The synthesis of Bi2O3 in its various phases is itself a challenging process. As a result, we have studied qualitative improvements to variables like pH, synthesis and calcined temperatures, oxidizing and reducing chemical reagents, capping reagents, solvents, etc. that influence the phases and morphology of Bi2O3. Comprehensive discussions were made on the physical, optical, topological, thermal, and magnetic characteristics of the materials. Despite extensive prior research into the chemical properties, we have focused on the physical properties and their mechanisms from the perspective of commercialization. In addition, Bi2O3 is also examined for its photocatalytic activity and its potential to be used in antibacterial applications.