Surgical site infection after hip fracture surgery

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Outline of the process of study selection.

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  Fig. 2. Synthesis of studies reporting surgical site infection (SSI) for hip fracture of all surgical types. Meta-analysis of reported rates of SSI in ‘all hip fracture surgery’ using random effects model. Heterogeneity is expressed using the I2 statistic. CI, confidence interval; ES-SSI, estimate from each study.

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  Fig. 3. Summary of studies reporting hemiarthroplasty. Meta-analysis of reported rates of surgical site infection (SSI) in hemiarthroplasty using random effects model. Heterogeneity is expressed using the I2 statistic. CI, confidence interval; ES-SSI, estimate from each study.

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  Fig. 4. Summary of studies reporting surgical site infection (SSI) after sliding hip screw (SHS). Meta-analysis of reported rates of SSI in SHS using random effects model. Heterogeneity is expressed using the I2 statistic. CI, confidence interval; ES-SSI, estimate from each study.

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  Fig. 5. Summary of studies clustered by definition of surgical site infection (SSI). Meta-analysis of reported rates of SSI according to study definition using random effects model. Heterogeneity is expressed using the I2 statistic. Formal definitions encompass either a referenced study on SSI or a formal definition used by a public health body, e.g. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CI, confidence interval; ES-SSI, estimate from each cluster.

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  Fig. 6. Percentage rate of surgical site infection (SSI) for studies included in systematic review by study population. Summary data plotting reported rate of SSI against the study population size. The pooled estimate for ‘all hip fractures’ is also plotted with 95% confidence intervals. Studies not included in the pooled estimate are circled for reference.