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Response of electronic systems in intense lights (ac electric fields) to dc source-drain fields is formulated with the Floquet method. We have then applied the formalism to graphene, for which we show that a nonlinear effect of a circularly polarized light can open a gap in the Dirac cone, which is predicted to lead to a photoinduced dc Hall current. This is numerically confirmed for a graphene ribbon attached to electrodes with the Keldysh Green's function.
Oka et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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