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April 15, 2026Infant Mental Health Journal

Timing of early maternal stress and transdiagnostic psychopathology in toddlers: Longitudinal associations across internalizing, dysregulation, and maladaptive symptom domains

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Authors

NLNiccola LutriISIyanuoluwa ShonukanCNCharles A. Nelson

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Overview

Longitudinal analysis reveals maternal stress impacts toddler psychopathology, suggesting timely interventions may improve outcomes.

Key Points

  • To investigate the relationship between maternal perceived stress during the first year of life and toddler psychopathology symptoms at age two.
  • Conducted a longitudinal prospective cohort study with 211 participants.
  • Assessed maternal perceived stress at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).
  • Evaluated child socioemotional characteristics at 2 years with the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA).
  • Utilized structural equation models (SEMs) for data analysis.
  • Higher maternal perceived stress at 9 months linked to increased internalizing and dysregulation symptoms in toddlers.
  • At 12 months, increased maternal perceived stress correlated with more symptoms of separation distress and negative emotionality.
  • No significant association found between maternal stress and externalizing symptoms.

Cite This Study

Lutri et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69df2b49e4eeef8a2a6b0342https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.70085
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