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This work aims to model the problem of evil through a structural approach using finite agents and the Pareto Frontier.

April 15, 2026SophiaOpen Access

The Theodicy of Finitude: Modeling the Problem of Evil On the Pareto Frontier

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This framework models the problem of evil in finite worlds, suggesting new insights into divine goodness and suffering.

This work aims to model the problem of evil through a structural approach using finite agents and the Pareto Frontier.
Developed a heuristic model of theodicy based on the mathematical concept of the Pareto Frontier.
Analyzed moral and tragic evil through the lens of value trade-offs and constraints.
Mapped traditional theodicies to the proposed structural model to assess their consistency.
Clarified the relationship between moral evil and avoidable loss, and tragic evil with ineliminable costs.
Reframed objections to gratuitous evil by highlighting the trade-offs needed for sustaining finite goods.
Proposed a unifying framework that integrates diverse theodical responses into a coherent logical structure.

Nadaletti et al. (2026) studied this question.

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