Review reveals pre-metastatic niche dynamics driven by tumor extracellular vesicles in metastatic cancer, highlighting early prediction and macro-level interventions.
Key Points
Examine the multi-stage biological mechanisms underlying organ-specific tumor metastasis and highlight novel biomarker and therapeutic avenues for early intervention.
Synthesized molecular and cellular mechanisms governing organ-specific metastasis and pre-metastatic niche (PMN) establishment.
Evaluated the functional role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and immune landscape alterations during metastatic cascade progression.
Primary tumor-derived extracellular vesicles remodel distant target tissue microenvironments into receptive pre-metastatic niches prior to circulating tumor cell arrival.
Reactive intervention following macrometastatic establishment remains clinically insufficient, underscoring the necessity of early predictive biomarkers and holistic systemic therapies.