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A bilayer cathode consisting of aminoalkyl-substituted polyfluorene and Al layers (see Figure) effectively injects electrons into an electroluminescent polymer emitting layer. The alcohol- and water-soluble polyfluorene, and its quaternized salt, can be used to fabricate polymer light-emitting diodes with device performance comparable to, or exceeding, devices using Ba/Al cathodes.
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Wu et al. (2004) studied this question.
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