The power flow equations relate the power injections and voltages in an electric power system and are therefore key to many power system optimization and control problems. Research efforts have developed a wide variety of relaxations and approximations of the power flow equations with a range of capabilities and characteristics. This monograph surveys relaxations and approximations of the power flow equations, with a particular emphasis on recently proposed formulations.
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Molzahn et al. (2019) studied this question.
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