Epigenetic Modifications in Amphibians Exposed to Environmental Pollutants

Environmental pollutants pose significant threats to amphibian populations, contributing to global declines. Beyond direct toxicity, pollutants can induce epigenetic modifications that alter gene expression without changing DNA sequences. This study examines DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation in amphibians exposed to heavy metals, pesticides, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Results indicate pollutant-associated epigenetic alterations in genes related to development, immune function, and stress response. Such modifications may impair metamorphosis, reproductive success, and disease resistance. Understanding pollutant-driven epigenetic changes provides critical insight into trans generational effects, adaptive capacity, and conservation strategies aimed at mitigating environmental stress in vulnerable amphibian species.