Rapid population aging in China has created an urgent demand for equitable access to elderly care services, yet a notable data gap remains in quantifying and comparing accessibility across major cities. To address this, we present a comprehensive dataset on the spatial accessibility and inequality of elderly care facilities in 21 major Chinese cities circa 2020. The dataset was generated using the Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) method, which integrates facility capacity, population demand, and distance decay in travel behavior. Core data include 21 high-resolution (100 m) raster files measuring accessibility and 21 corresponding raster files (1 km) measuring spatial inequality using the Gini coefficient. Technical validation compared 4,099 model-derived network distances with commercial map service APIs, showing strong accuracy (R2 > 0.94 for all cities). The full dataset, including raster and tabular files, is publicly available. This resource offers a foundation for research in urban planning, public health, transportation geography, and socioeconomics.
Han et al. (2026) studied this question.