Rural Policy in the 2028-2034 EU Budget: Reform or Retreat? A rural-proofing analysis

The proposed EU Multiannual Financial Framework (2028–2034) reshapes rural development by consolidating instruments into a Single Fund and recentralising strategic decisions. Although presented as simplification, the reform risks reinforcing existing biases toward urban, high‑productivity regions. Drawing on rural proofing concepts, EU comparative analyses, and fine‑grained Italian municipal data, the article shows that 2014–2020 Cohesion Policy allocated only a limited share of resources to rural areas, while the EAFRD remained the main—though uneven—source of support. The reform also gives rise concerns about resources and institutional responsibilities for broader rural measures, including diversification, infrastructure, services, and funding for LEADER and cooperation initiatives. Key recommendations include: (i) a mandatory rural chapter in NRPPs; (ii) explicit rural safeguards in Single Fund rules; (iii) clearer rural typologies and better data systems; (iv) stronger multi‑level governance with real local participation; and (v) dedicated resources for capacity‑building and co‑design