What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to understand how design friction can enhance trust and responsible use of AI by affecting user interactions.

Pausing for Reflection: How Design Friction Shapes Environmentally Responsible Artificial Intelligence Use and Trust

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Experiment investigates design friction's impact on AI trust and responsibility, suggesting new design strategies.

This research aims to understand how design friction can enhance trust and responsible use of AI by affecting user interactions.
Conducted an experiment with 171 participants to test different types of design friction.
Examined cue-based and action-based friction in user interactions with AI systems.
Assessed outcomes related to trust, perceived agency, and responsible AI use.
Cue-based friction enhanced trust indirectly through the transparency heuristic.
Action-based friction increased cognitive elaboration but decreased perceptions of user agency.
Users experienced improved trust-related outcomes and responsible AI use with specific design friction types.

Chen et al. (2026) studied this question.

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