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The research analyzes how K11 Art Malls function as sites for non-state cultural diplomacy within China's authoritarian framework.

Searching for the agora at K11: apolitical spaces of non-state cultural diplomacy

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This article examines K11's role in shaping apolitical cultural exchange in an authoritarian context, suggesting new implications for diplomacy.

The research analyzes how K11 Art Malls function as sites for non-state cultural diplomacy within China's authoritarian framework.
Critical document analysis of K11’s operations and cultural offerings.
Semi-structured interviews with K11 stakeholders, artists, and curators.
Thematic analysis to understand the spatial dynamics of K11 as a diplomatic model.
K11’s hybrid spaces enable navigation of state pressures and commercial interests while promoting a cultural agenda.
The commercialization diminishes opportunities for critical discourse and meaningful cultural exchange.
K11 embodies a complex interaction between state soft power and non-state agency under authoritarianism.

Natalia Grincheva (2026) studied this question.

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This article examines K11's role in shaping apolitical cultural exchange in an authoritarian context, suggesting new implications for diplomacy.