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The aim is to enhance drug penetration in bladder tumors using mucoadhesive nanoparticles for effective chemo-immunotherapy.

April 17, 2026Science AdvancesOpen Access

Mucoadhesive tumor-penetrating nanomedicine for intravesical chemo-immunotherapy against bladder cancer

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Intravesical therapy demonstrates enhanced tumor penetration in bladder cancer, suggesting new treatment pathways.

The aim is to enhance drug penetration in bladder tumors using mucoadhesive nanoparticles for effective chemo-immunotherapy.
Developed thiol-functionalized bacterial membrane-coated nanoparticles loaded with epirubicin.
Evaluated nanoparticle adhesion and penetration in mouse and human bladder models.
Assessed effects of bacterial membrane components on matrix metalloproteinases and tumor microenvironment.
Tested combined therapy with immune checkpoint blockade in mouse models.
Nanoparticles showed increased adhesion to bladder mucosa and better tumor penetration.
Induction of immunogenic cell death was observed with intratumoral delivery of epirubicin.
Combination therapy led to complete regression of bladder tumors and inhibited distant lesions.

Zhao et al. (2026) studied this question.

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