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April 18, 2026Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics0 citationsOpen Access

Design and Characterization of Nicotine Polacrilex-Loaded Cubosomal Nanogel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery

SNShashank NamannavarCPChandrashekar C. PatilAUArjun L. Uppar

Key Points

  • The aim is to design and characterize a nicotine-loaded cubosomal nanogel for improved topical drug delivery.
  • Developed cubosomes using glyceryl monooleate and Poloxamer 407 through a top-down method.
  • Characterized optimized cubosomal dispersion for size, zeta potential, drug content, and entrapment efficiency.
  • Formulated a cubosomal nanogel with the optimized dispersion and Carbopol 934 gel base.
  • Conducted in vitro drug release studies using Franz diffusion cells to assess drug release kinetics.
  • Achieved particle size of 134.6 nm with a zeta potential of -15.57 mV.
  • Noted drug content of 91.22%, with an entrapment efficiency of 90.71%.
  • Sustained drug release behavior observed for up to 6 hours, following Higuchi diffusion kinetics with R2 = 0.9799.

Abstract

The effective encapsulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic medications is made possible by cubosomes, which are nanostructured lipid carriers with a bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline structure. Nicotine Polacrilex-loaded cubosomal Nanogel was designed and characterized in this study to improve topical drug delivery. Glyceryl monooleate (GMO) was used as the lipid and Poloxamer 407 as the stabilizer in the top-down method of creating cubosomes. The optimized cubosomal dispersion (NP3) demonstrated acceptable stability and nanoscale size with a zeta potential of -15.57 mV, a particle size of 134.6 nm, Drug content of nanogel of 91.22+ 0.34% and a high entrapment efficiency of 90.71 + 0.42%. A cubosomal Nanogel formulation was created by combining the optimized dispersion with Carbopol 934 gel base. The produced gel had a smooth appearance, good homogeneity, a suitable viscosity (12358 + 6.12 cps), an acceptable pH (6.52 + 0.59), and a satisfactory spreadability (17.963 + 0.842 g·cm/sec). Diffusion-controlled drug release was indicated by Franz diffusion cell in vitro drug release studies, which showed sustained release behavior for up to 6 hours after Higuchi diffusion kinetics (R2 = 0.9799). Ultimately, the Nicotine Polacrilex-loaded cubosomal Nanogel showed promise as a topical drug delivery system with sustained release. Keywords: Nicotine Polacrilex, Cubosomes, Topical drug delivery, Carbopol Nanogel, Sustained release

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Cite This Study

Namannavar et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e31f1a40886becb653e853https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v16i4.7657
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