The subject of the research is the transformation of security systems in enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of Russia in the context of accelerated digitalization and the drive for technological sovereignty. The object of the research is comprehensive protection systems for the fuel and energy sector, which include engineering and technical means of security, physical protection, and information security mechanisms. The author examines in detail aspects such as the changing threat landscape in the context of the implementation of the industrial Internet of Things, intelligent management systems, and predictive analytics. Special attention is given to vulnerabilities arising from the increasing dependence of production processes on digital infrastructure, as well as risks associated with attacks by unmanned aerial vehicles and cyber impacts on automated process control systems. Moreover, the work analyzes the legal, organizational, and technological prerequisites for the restructuring of security systems in the fuel and energy sector in the context of import substitution and the transition to domestic software and hardware solutions. The methodological basis of the research consists of the analysis of regulatory legal acts, the synthesis of statistical data, the study of industry sources, and a comprehensive approach to assessing the engineering, technical, organizational, and informational components of security in enterprises of the fuel and energy sector. The main conclusions of the research are that modern security for fuel and energy sector facilities should be built as an integrated multi-level system, combining technical protection means, physical security, and cybersecurity. The novelty of the research lies in examining the transformation of security systems in the fuel and energy sector through the lens of technological sovereignty and accelerated import substitution in the face of external restrictions. The author's significant contribution to the research of the topic is the justification of the dual nature of the industry's digital transformation: the increase in the efficiency of production processes is accompanied by an expansion of vulnerabilities and a complication of threats. It is concluded that the most significant risks are attacks by UAVs and targeted cyberattacks on automated process control systems, while promising directions for enhancing resilience include the implementation of integrated security management platforms, the use of artificial intelligence for monitoring and forecasting threats, infrastructure modernization, and strengthening the scientific and technological base of the industry.
Dmitriy Vladimirovich Linkov (Sun,) studied this question.